Vol. 21, N°1 (2026)

56

16

The impact of management by objectives on time management efficiency and time discipline in industrial projects: An applied study on Iraqi industrial companies

Résumé

This study examines the effect of Management by Objectives (MBO) on improving time-management efficiency in industrial projects and its impact on employees’ time discipline in Iraqi industrial companies. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on a questionnaire administered to a sample of 199 respondents drawn from employees involved in administrative and project-related functions. The instrument’s reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding values of 0.811 for MBO, 0.833 for time-management efficiency, and 0.772 for employees’ time discipline. Construct validity for the dependent dimensions was further supported through confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated statistically significant item loadings. Descriptive results revealed a strong level of MBO implementation (overall mean = 3.9899), a very strong level of time-management efficiency (overall mean = 4.2390), and a high level of employees’ time discipline (overall mean = 3.8070). Regression analyses demonstrated a significant positive effect of MBO on time-management efficiency (Sig = 0.002; B = 0.490) and a stronger significant positive effect on employees’ time discipline (Sig = 0.000; B = 0.622). These findings suggest that MBO is an effective managerial approach for strengthening behavioral and temporal discipline and for mitigating delay-related inefficiencies in industrial projects. The study concludes with practical recommendations emphasizing participatory goal-setting, integrating time with cost control, and adopting time-based monitoring indicators linked to performance incentives.

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عمر مشعان دبوس و سلاف بن عمر السماوي (2026)" أثر الإدارة بالأهداف في كفاءة إدارة الوقت والانضباط الزمني في المشاريع الصناعية: دراسة تطبيقية على الشركات الصناعية العراقية" المجلة العالمية لإدارة الأعمال و التكنولوجيات ، المجلد 21، العدد 1 مارس، ص31-48